Passage Reference: This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write continental drift because it appears nearby in the passage. That is only one of the reasons and does not match the diagram position. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust' = Diagram: 'early cause before pressure builds'

Tips: For diagrams, check the sequence carefully. Earlier boxes usually describe causes, not results.

Key Vocabulary:

• expansion = getting bigger
• contraction = getting smaller

Question Focus: Immediate cause leading to the earthquake

Correct Answer: pressure

Passage Reference: This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth's crust and continental drift.

Why this is correct: The diagram shows something building up before rocks break. The passage clearly states that the rupturing of rocks is produced by pressure, so this fits the second box.

Common Mistake: Some students write stress or force, but these words do not appear in the passage. You must copy the exact word. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'produced by pressure' = Diagram: 'build-up before rupture'

Tips: Never replace a passage word with your own synonym in FIB questions.

Key Vocabulary:

• pressure = strong force pushing

Question Focus: The earthquake event itself

Correct Answer: rupturing of rocks

Passage Reference: The actual cause of the quake itself is the rupturing or breaking of rocks at or below the earth's surface.

Why this is correct: The diagram box represents the earthquake itself. The passage says the quake is caused by the rupturing or breaking of rocks, so rupturing of rocks matches exactly.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write earthquake itself, but the passage explains the cause, not just the name. This is a context shift trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'rupturing or breaking of rocks' = Diagram: 'earthquake occurs'

Tips: If the diagram asks for a process, look for action words in the passage.

Key Vocabulary:

• rupturing = breaking suddenly

Question Focus: Direct damage after an earthquake

Correct Answer: collapse of buildings

Passage Reference: An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration.

Why this is correct: After the earthquake, the diagram shows types of damage. The passage gives collapse of buildings as a direct result of vibration, so this fits the first damage box.

Common Mistake: Some students write destruction of buildings, but those exact words are not used. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'collapse of buildings' = Diagram: 'direct damage after quake'

Tips: For damage effects, copy the example phrases exactly from the passage.

Key Vocabulary:

• collapse = fall down

Question Focus: Secondary damage after an earthquake

Correct Answer: landslides

Passage Reference: Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2.

Why this is correct: The diagram lists several types of damage after the quake. The passage says other damage results from landslides, which matches one of these boxes.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write land sliding, which changes the form. You must copy the exact word. This is a grammar form trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'damage results from landslides' = Diagram: 'after-effects of earthquake'

Tips: Check singular or plural carefully when copying nouns.

Key Vocabulary:

• landslide = earth moving down a hill

Question Focus: Ocean-related damage after an earthquake

Correct Answer: tsunamis

Passage Reference: Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2.

Why this is correct: The diagram includes damage affecting the sea. The passage lists tsunamis as one of the results of earthquakes, so this fits exactly.

Common Mistake: Some students write large ocean waves, but that is only an explanation in brackets. The answer must be tsunamis. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'tsunamis (large ocean waves)' = Diagram: 'sea-related damage'

Tips: Prefer the technical term if it appears in the passage.

Key Vocabulary:

• tsunami = very large sea wave

Question Focus: Fire-related damage after an earthquake

Correct Answer: major fires

Passage Reference: Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake. 2.

Why this is correct: The final box shows another type of destruction. The passage clearly includes major fires as damage initiated by the quake, so this completes the sequence.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write fires only, but the passage specifies major fires. Missing the adjective makes it incomplete. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'major fires which are initiated by the quake' = Diagram: 'fire damage after earthquake'

Tips: Do not drop adjectives if they are part of the passage answer.

Key Vocabulary:

• major = very large or serious

General Tips:

• For diagram completion, follow the sequence carefully. Causes come before effects.
• Always copy the exact words from the passage. Do not change form or use synonyms.
• Check the word limit every time. Even one extra word makes the answer wrong.
• Look for lists in the passage. Diagrams often turn lists into separate boxes.