Passage Reference: This discovery came at a time when this disease was the greatest single killer of the human race.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write disease because tuberculosis is mentioned, but that misses the idea of being the main cause of death. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'greatest single killer' = Summary: 'number one ___'

Tips: When you see phrases like 'number one', look for ranking words in the passage.

Key Vocabulary:

• killer = cause of death

Question Focus: Direct match with negative statement in passage

Correct Answer: contagious

Passage Reference: Since tuberculosis was not considered contagious, its victims spread the disease amongst those about them as they coughed, spat and drank from communal cups.

Why this is correct: The passage says tuberculosis was not considered contagious at that time. The summary uses the same idea, so contagious is the correct word to complete it.

Common Mistake: Some students write infectious, which is similar in meaning but not the exact word. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'not considered contagious' = Summary: 'was not proved that the disease was ___'

Tips: Always copy the exact word from the passage, not a synonym.

Key Vocabulary:

• contagious = can spread between people

Question Focus: Exact phrase match

Correct Answer: droplet

Passage Reference: It is now known that tuberculosis is chiefly spread by droplet infection.

Why this is correct: The passage states that tuberculosis is spread by droplet infection. The summary already includes 'infection', so the missing word is droplet.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write airborne, which changes the wording. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'spread by droplet infection' = Summary: 'spread by ___ infection'

Tips: If part of the phrase is already given, copy only the missing word.

Key Vocabulary:

• droplet = tiny drop of liquid

Question Focus: Grammar and meaning match

Correct Answer: necessarily

Passage Reference: However, entry of the bacillus into the body is not necessarily followed by a clinical illness

Why this is correct: The passage explains that entry of the bacillus is not necessarily followed by illness. The summary copies this structure, so necessarily is correct.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes omit this word, but that changes the meaning. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'not necessarily followed' = Summary: 'does not ___ lead'

Tips: Watch for adverbs that limit meaning like 'necessarily'.

Key Vocabulary:

• necessarily = always, in every case

Question Focus: Exact phrase match

Correct Answer: acquired immunity

Passage Reference: although the acquired immunity is not fully understood

Why this is correct: The passage directly says the acquired immunity is not fully understood. The summary paraphrases this exactly.

Common Mistake: Writing only immunity loses the specific meaning. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'acquired immunity is not fully understood' = Summary: 'do not yet fully understand ___'

Tips: If the passage uses a two-word technical term, copy both words.

Key Vocabulary:

• acquired = developed over time
• immunity = ability to resist disease

Question Focus: Comparative form

Correct Answer: less

Passage Reference: he is less likely to develop active tuberculosis on subsequent exposure to the tubercle bacillus than a patient who has not previously been infected.

Why this is correct: The passage states that someone who recovered is less likely to develop active tuberculosis again. The summary keeps the same comparison.

Common Mistake: Some students write more, reversing the meaning. This is a contradiction trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'less likely to develop' = Summary: 'is ___ likely to develop'

Tips: Always check comparison words like more or less carefully.

Key Vocabulary:

• likely = probable

Question Focus: Time reference

Correct Answer: previously

Passage Reference: who has not previously been infected.

Why this is correct: The passage contrasts people infected before with those not previously infected. The summary keeps this time idea.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes omit this word, which weakens the comparison. This is a time/tense trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'not previously been infected' = Summary: 'has not been ___ infected'

Tips: Pay attention to time words that show before or after.

Key Vocabulary:

• previously = before

Question Focus: Noun form required

Correct Answer: infection

Passage Reference: Tuberculosis has notoriously been associated with poverty, with its accompanying malnutrition, overcrowding and stress

Why this is correct: The passage links overcrowding with the spread of disease. The summary correctly concludes that overcrowding increases the risk of infection.

Common Mistake: Writing disease is too general. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'spread by droplet infection' = Summary: 'risk of ___'

Tips: After 'risk of', always expect a noun.

Key Vocabulary:

• infection = invasion by germs

Question Focus: Exact phrase match

Correct Answer: contributing factor

Passage Reference: it seems that a diet based on cheap carbohydrate and a lack of protein and vitamins is another contributing factor.

Why this is correct: The passage describes poor diet as another contributing factor. The summary copies this idea directly.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write cause, which is stronger than the passage. This is a causation trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'another contributing factor' = Summary: 'seems to be a ___'

Tips: Do not replace cautious language with strong cause words.

Key Vocabulary:

• contributing = helping to cause

Question Focus: Specific example

Correct Answer: silicosis

Passage Reference: such as silicosis, are especially vulnerable to attacks of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Why this is correct: The passage names silicosis as a respiratory disorder that increases risk. The summary uses the same example.

Common Mistake: Students may write respiratory disorders, which is too general. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'respiratory disorders, such as silicosis' = Summary: 'conditions such as diabetes mellitus or ___'

Tips: When the passage gives 'such as', the example is often the answer.

Key Vocabulary:

• silicosis = lung disease from dust

Question Focus: Synonym match allowed

Correct Answer: immunity

Passage Reference: Many people, for instance, seem to have a high natural resistance

Why this is correct: The passage explains that some people have natural resistance, which matches the idea of immunity. Both answers are accepted.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes write health, which is too vague. This is a paraphrase trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'high natural resistance' = Summary: 'degree of ___'

Tips: Check the answer list carefully. Sometimes two synonyms are accepted.

Key Vocabulary:

• resistance = ability to fight disease

Question Focus: Cause of reduction

Correct Answer: immunization

Passage Reference: The introduction of mass immunization against TB by the use of BCG vaccine, and of mass radiography, where it is possible to screen large numbers of people for early signs of tuberculosis, has dramatically reduced the incidence of the disease in the last few decade

Why this is correct: The passage states that mass immunization has reduced tuberculosis. The summary refers to these protection programmes.

Common Mistake: Writing vaccination programmes changes the wording. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'introduction of mass immunization' = Summary: 'result of ___ programmes'

Tips: If the passage already names a programme, use the same wording.

Key Vocabulary:

• immunization = vaccination process

General Tips:

• FIB answers follow passage order. Once you find gap 1, keep reading forward for the next answers.
• Always check the word limit. Extra words automatically make the answer wrong.
• Copy the exact word or phrase from the passage. Do not use your own synonyms.
• Use grammar clues like articles, prepositions, and comparison words to guide you.