Questions 1-6
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Questions 7-9
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The great barrier reef
It is the world’s most extensive coral reef and has some of the richest biological diversity found anywhere. The Great Barrier Reef contains extensive areas of sea grass, mangrove, sandy and muddy seabed communities, inter-reefal areas, deep oceanic waters and island communities. Contrary to popular belief, the Great Barrier Reef is not a continuous barrier, but a broken maze of around 2.900 individual reefs, of which 760 are fringing reefs along the mainland or around islands.
Some have coral cays. The reefs range in size from less than one hectare to over 1000 kms, and in shape from flat platform reefs to elongated ribbon reefs.
The Great Barrier Reef provides habitat for many diverse forms of marine life. There are an estimated 1500 species of fish and over 360 species of hard, reef-building corals. More than 4.000 mollusc species and over 1.500 species of sponges have been identified.
Other well-represented animal groups include anemones, marine worms, crustaceans and echinoderms.
The extensive seagrass beds are of an important feeding ground for the dugong. a mammal species internationally listed as vulnerable. The reef also supports a variety of fleshy algae that are heavily grazed by turtles, fish, sea urchins and molluscs.
The reef contains nesting grounds of world significance for the endangered loggerhead turtle, and for green, hawksbill and flat back turtles, which are all listed as vulnerable. It is also a breeding area for humpback whales that come from the Antarctic to give birth in the warm waters.
The islands and cays support around 215 bird species, many of which have breeding colonies there. Reef herons, osprey, pelicans, frigate birds, sea eagles and shearwaters are among the sea birds that have been recorded.
The Great Barrier Reef is also of cultural importance, containing many archaeological sites of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin, including fish traps, middens, rock quarries, story sites and rock art. Some notable examples occur on Lizard and Hinchinbrook Islands, and on Stanley. Cliff and Clack Islands where there are spectacular galleries of rock paintings. There are over 30 historic ship wrecks in the area, and on the islands are ruins, operating lighthouses and other sites that are of cultural and historical significance.
About 99.3 per cent of the World Heritage property is within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, with the remainder in Queensland waters and islands. Because of its status, many people think the entire Great Barrier Reefs a marine sanctuary or national park, and therefore protected equally throughout. However, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is a multiple-use area in which a wide range of activities and uses are allowed, including extractive industries.
This has been achieved using a comprehensive, multiple-use zoning system. Impacts and conflicts are minimized by providing high levels of protection for specific areas.
A variety of other activities are allowed to continue in a managed way in certain zones (such as shipping, dredging, research, commercial fishing and recreational fishing).
A new Zoning Plan for the entire Marine Park came into effect on 1 July 2001. The proportion of the Marine Park protected by no-take zones was increased from less than five per cent to over 33 per cent, and now protects representative examples of each of the 70 broad habitat types across the entire Marine Park. Two authorities are now responsible for the Great Barrier Reef: the Queensland Government and the Australian Government. The majority of the World Heritage property is still relatively pristine when compared with coral reef ecosystems elsewhere in the world. Guided by the principle of balancing conservation and sustainable use. the regulatory framework significantly enhances the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef.
The Australian and Queensland Governments have a cooperative and integrated approach to managing the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is theAustralian Government agency responsible for overall management, and theQueensland Government, particularly the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, provides day-to-day management of the marine park for the Authority.
The Great Barrier Reel, one of Australia's first sites to become a World Heritage area, is situated on the of the north-eastern coast of Australia. The of the reel is a result to the evolution of the over a very long time. Being the biggest to its Kind, the reel is from the point ot view, very varied. This vast area consists of disconnected reels of different lengths and provides a habitat tor a wide range of from fish to coral and sponges and other creatures.
What are kept tow as a result of the high degree of protection for specific places?
What has a major impact on the Great Barrier Reel's capacity to flourish?
What is the Great Barrier Reel Marine Park Authority accountable tor in respect to the reel?
AI explanationShows the answer. Tap to open.
Question Focus: Location of the Great Barrier Reef
Correct Answer: continental shelf
Why this is correct: The summary says the reef is "situated on the ... of the north-eastern coast of Australia". The passage clearly states it is on the continental shelf, which matches exactly.
Passage Reference: The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest World Heritage property extending over 2.000 kilometres and covering 348.000 km2 on the north-east continental shelf of Australia.
Common Mistake: Students may write coast or north-east coast, but these words are not used in the passage. You must copy the exact words. This is a synonym trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'north-east continental shelf of Australia' = Summary: 'situated on the ... of the north-eastern coast of Australia'
Tips: When a gap asks about location, look for prepositions like "on" or "in" in the passage.
Key Vocabulary:
- continental shelf = underwater edge of a continent
Question Focus: What results from long-term evolution
Correct Answer: diversity
Passage Reference: The Great Barrier Reefs diversity reflects the maturity of the ecosystem which has evolved over many thousands of years.
Why this is correct: The summary says the diversity of the reef is a result of evolution over a long time. This matches the passage exactly.
Common Mistake: Some students write variety, but that word is not in the passage. You must copy the exact word. This is a synonym trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'diversity reflects the maturity' = Summary: 'The ... of the reef is a result'
Tips: If the summary repeats a passage word, copy it directly without changing it.
Key Vocabulary:
- diversity = variety
Question Focus: What has evolved over time
Correct Answer: ecosystem
Passage Reference: The Great Barrier Reefs diversity reflects the maturity of the ecosystem which has evolved over many thousands of years.
Why this is correct: The passage explains that the reef's diversity reflects the maturity of the ecosystem which evolved over thousands of years.
Common Mistake: Students sometimes write environment, but that word is not used. This is a synonym trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'maturity of the ecosystem' = Summary: 'evolution of the ...'
Tips: Look carefully at what exactly is described as evolving.
Key Vocabulary:
- ecosystem = natural system of plants and animals
Question Focus: What kind of thing the reef is
Correct Answer: coral reef
Passage Reference: It is the world's most extensive coral ree
Why this is correct: The passage says it is the world's most extensive coral reef, which matches "Being the biggest ... to its kind".
Common Mistake: Writing only reef is incomplete. This is a partial truth trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'most extensive coral reef' = Summary: 'biggest ... to its kind'
Tips: Do not shorten answers if the passage uses two words.
Key Vocabulary:
- coral reef = underwater structure made of coral
Question Focus: Type of diversity
Correct Answer: biological
Passage Reference: has some of the richest biological diversity found anywhere.
Why this is correct: The summary refers to variety "from a ... point of view", which matches biological diversity in the passage.
Common Mistake: Students may write ecological, which is not in the passage. This is a synonym trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'richest biological diversity' = Summary: 'from the ... point of view'
Tips: Check whether the gap needs an adjective or a noun.
Key Vocabulary:
- biological = related to living things
Question Focus: What the reef provides habitat for
Correct Answer: marine life
Passage Reference: The Great Barrier Reef provides habitat for many diverse forms of marine life.
Why this is correct: The passage clearly states the reef provides habitat for marine life, which includes fish, coral, and sponges.
Common Mistake: Writing animals is too general and not from the passage. This is a synonym trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'habitat for many diverse forms of marine life' = Summary: 'habitat for a wide range of ...'
Tips: When examples are listed, look for the category word before them.
Key Vocabulary:
- marine life = sea animals and plants
Question Focus: What is reduced by protection
Correct Answer: Impacts and conflicts
Passage Reference: Impacts and conflicts are minimized by providing high levels of protection for specific areas.
Why this is correct: The passage says impacts and conflicts are minimized by providing high levels of protection.
Common Mistake: Students may write activities, but activities are allowed, not minimized. This is a contradiction trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'Impacts and conflicts are minimized' = Question: 'What are kept low'
Tips: Look for verbs like "minimized" and convert them to the question wording.
Key Vocabulary:
- impacts = effects
- conflicts = disagreements
Question Focus: What affects the reef's ability to flourish
Correct Answer: Regulatory framework
Passage Reference: Guided by the principle of balancing conservation and sustainable use. the regulatory framework significantly enhances the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef.
Why this is correct: The passage explains that the regulatory framework significantly enhances the reef's resilience, meaning its ability to flourish.
Common Mistake: Writing zoning plan is tempting but too specific. This is a partial truth trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'regulatory framework significantly enhances resilience' = Question: 'major impact on capacity to flourish'
Tips: Words like "resilience" often equal "ability to flourish".
Key Vocabulary:
- regulatory = related to rules
- framework = system
Question Focus: Responsibility of the Marine Park Authority
Correct Answer: Overall management
Passage Reference: the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, with the remainder in Queensland waters and islands. Because of its status, many people think the entire Great Barrier Reefs a marine sanctuary or national park, and therefore protected equally throughout. However, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is a multiple-use area in which a wide range of activities and uses are allowed, including extractive industries. This has been achieved using a comprehensive, multiple-use zoning system. Impacts and conflicts are minimized by providing high levels of protection for specific areas. A variety of other activities are allowed to continue in a managed way in certain zones (such as shipping, dredging, research, commercial fishing and recreational fishing). A new Zoning Plan for the entire Marine Park came into effect on 1 July 2001. The proportion of the Marine Park protected by no-take zones was increased from less than five per cent to over 33 per cent, and now protects representative examples of each of the 70 broad habitat types across the entire Marine Park. Two authorities are now responsible for the Great Barrier Reef: the Queensland Government and the Australian Government. The majority of the World Heritage property is still relatively pristine when compared with coral reef ecosystems elsewhere in the world. Guided by the principle of balancing conservation and sustainable use. the regulatory framework significantly enhances the resilience of the Great Barrier Reef. The Australian and Queensland Governments have a cooperative and integrated approach to managing the Great Barrier Reef. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is theAustralian Government agency responsible for overall managemen
Why this is correct: The passage directly states the Authority is responsible for overall management of the reef.
Common Mistake: Students may write day-to-day management, but that is Queensland Government. This is a context shift trap.
Paraphrasing: Passage: 'responsible for overall management' = Question: 'accountable for'
Tips: Be careful to match each responsibility to the correct authority.
Key Vocabulary:
- overall = total
- management = control
General Tips:
- Summary completion questions follow passage order. Use the previous answer to find the next.
- Always copy the exact word from the passage. Do not change it to a synonym.
- Check the word limit carefully. One extra word makes the answer wrong.
- Use grammar clues like articles and prepositions to predict the word type.
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