Passage Reference: In 1949, in the early days of computer technology, John Van Neumann presented the first model of a computer virus program in his paper

Common Mistake: Some students write computer virus program, but that is too long and not the key point. The diagram needs the stage name, not the description. This is a partial truth trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'presented the first model of a computer virus program' = Diagram: 'early stage in virus history'

Tips: For flow charts, listen for time markers like dates and phrases such as 'first' or 'initial'.

Key Vocabulary:

• model = example
• presented = introduced

Question Focus: Who created the game Core Wars in the next stage of the flow chart

Correct Answer: three americans

Passage Reference: Core Wars was initially created for the intellectual entertainment by three Americans working on large mainframe computers.

Why this is correct: The speaker explains who created Core Wars and says it was made by three Americans. This matches the box in the diagram asking about the people involved.

Common Mistake: Some students write programmers, but that word is not used here. You must copy the exact words you hear. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'three Americans working on large mainframe computers' = Diagram: 'people who created Core Wars'

Tips: When you hear people mentioned, listen carefully for numbers and nationality together.

Key Vocabulary:

• initially = at first
• created = made

Question Focus: Type of computer shown in the diagram at this stage

Correct Answer: mainframe

Passage Reference: three Americans working on large mainframe computers. Remember in those days

Why this is correct: The diagram shows the type of computer used at that time. The speaker says they were working on mainframe computers, so the key word needed is mainframe.

Common Mistake: Some students write large computers, but that is not the exact word used. You must copy the transcript word. This is a synonym trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'large mainframe computers' = Diagram: 'type of computer used'

Tips: In diagram labels, you often need just one key word, not the full phrase.

Key Vocabulary:

• mainframe = very large computer
• large = big

Question Focus: What virus creation became over time

Correct Answer: pastime

Passage Reference: Very soon after, we see the emergence of a new pastime, one where people spent time creating programs that could escape the game and destroy other programs.

Why this is correct: The final box describes how creating these programs became a hobby. The speaker calls it a new pastime, so pastime is the correct label.

Common Mistake: Some students write game, but the speaker says it moved beyond a game into something new. This is a context shift trap.

Paraphrasing: Transcript: 'the emergence of a new pastime' = Diagram: 'what this activity became'

Tips: Listen for phrases like 'became' or 'emergence of' to catch result stages in a flow chart.

Key Vocabulary:

• pastime = hobby
• emergence = beginning

General Tips:

• Diagram questions follow the order of the recording. Use the first answer to help you predict when the next one is coming.
• For flow charts, listen carefully for time words like 'first', 'soon after', and 'by the 1980s'.
• Never change the wording. Copy the exact word or words you hear from the speaker.
• Check the word limit every time. More than three words is automatically wrong.
• Use pauses before the audio to study the diagram so you know what kind of word each gap needs.