Passage Reference: • Lima Discover the city's colonial sights, including the expansive Plaza San Martin and its impressive cathedral and government palace; visit the Church of San Francisco and its catacombs. • Sacred Valley Visit Awanakancha and meet llamas, vicunas and alpacas; pick up some handicrafts at the lively Pisac market; explore the massive Inca fortress of Ollantayambo.

Common Mistake: Students often think this is TRUE because Lima is mentioned first. That is a Partial truth trap. Being listed does not mean it is the main focus.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'Lima Discover the city's colonial sights' = Statement: 'Lima is the main highlight'

Tips: Do not assume importance from order. Look for words like main, most important, or emphasis in the passage.

Key Vocabulary:

• highlight = important feature
• colonial = from the time of foreign rule

Question Focus: Synonym match - travel by train

Correct Answer: TRUE

Passage Reference: • The Vistadome Ride aboard the Vistadome train to Machu Picchu; enjoy large panoramic windows, first-class service and a light meal.

Why this is correct: The passage clearly says guests will ride aboard the Vistadome train to Machu Picchu, which directly matches the statement.

Common Mistake: Some students miss this because they scan too fast. This is a Synonym match, where 'ride aboard' matches 'travel by'.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'Ride aboard the Vistadome train to Machu Picchu' = Statement: 'travel by train to Machu Picchu'

Tips: For TRUE answers, always match the transport or action exactly.

Key Vocabulary:

• aboard = on
• panoramic = wide view

Question Focus: Synonym match - descendant

Correct Answer: TRUE

Passage Reference: • Be My Guest Join Doctor Francisco Diez Canseco Tavara, the descendant of an old Peruvian family, for a welcome reception and typical Peruvian lunch; visit the beautiful estate and learn about the Diez Canseco family's and Peru's history.

Why this is correct: The statement uses almost the exact same words as the passage. Guests will join Doctor Francisco, who is clearly described as a descendant of an old Peruvian family.

Common Mistake: Students sometimes overthink and choose NOT GIVEN. This is a clear Synonym match, not hidden information.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'descendant of an old Peruvian family' = Statement: 'descendant of an old Peruvian family'

Tips: If the wording is almost identical, it is usually TRUE.

Key Vocabulary:

• descendant = person from the same family line
• estate = large family home

Question Focus: Contradiction and added detail

Correct Answer: FALSE

Passage Reference: Local expert Meet Kike Pinto, founder and Director of the Museum of Andean and Amazon Musical Instruments, for a presentation on Andean instruments and music in Cusco.

Why this is correct: The passage says Kike Pinto is a founder and Director who gives a presentation. It does not say he plays the instruments himself, so the statement adds incorrect information.

Common Mistake: Students assume that because he works with music, he must be a musician. This is a Paraphrase trap with added meaning.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'founder and Director of the Museum' = Statement: 'musician who plays instruments'

Tips: Do not add roles or skills that are not clearly stated.

Key Vocabulary:

• founder = person who started something
• presentation = talk or explanation

Question Focus: Missing specific detail about food type

Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN

Passage Reference: • farewell dinner with wine and folklore show in Cusco

Why this is correct: The passage tells us there is a farewell dinner with wine and folklore show, but it does not say what food will be served. The passage does not discuss whether the food is traditional or varied.

Common Mistake: Students often choose TRUE because it sounds logical. This is a Not Given trap because the specific claim about food is never mentioned.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'farewell dinner with wine and folklore show' = Statement: 'traditional Peruvian food'

Tips: If a detail sounds logical but is not written, choose NOT GIVEN.

Key Vocabulary:

• farewell = goodbye
• folklore = traditional stories or dances

Question Focus: Contradiction - free vs purchased

Correct Answer: FALSE

Passage Reference: • Souvenir photo captures treasured memories of your trip with a complimentary group photo taken at a landmark location.

Why this is correct: The passage says the group photo is complimentary, which means free. The statement says it can be purchased, which is the opposite.

Common Mistake: Students miss the word complimentary. This is a Contradiction trap.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'complimentary group photo' = Statement: 'can be purchased'

Tips: Always check for words showing cost like free, included, or complimentary.

Key Vocabulary:

• complimentary = free
• souvenir = something to remember a trip

General Tips:

• TFNG questions follow passage order, so use the previous answer location to find the next one.
• For FALSE, you must see a clear contradiction, not just missing information.
• For NOT GIVEN, ask yourself which exact detail is missing from the passage.
• Be careful with added details that sound logical but are not written.