Passage Reference: In the past three years, video has come from nothing to make up nearly half of the Internet traffic; in another three, it is likely to be more than three-quarters. So far, corporations have taken a back seat in this growth, but they will soon need to climb into the front and start to drive it. D.

Common Mistake: Students often see that video is growing fast and assume companies are already using it a lot. This is a Contradiction trap because the passage actually says the opposite.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'taken a back seat' = Statement: 'using video extensively'

Tips: When you see words like 'already', check carefully if the passage talks about now or the future.

Key Vocabulary:

• back seat = not leading
• extensively = a lot

Question Focus: Extreme language - 'a lot more' versus cautious language in the passage

Correct Answer: FALSE

Passage Reference: This shift in communications will have three important effects. It will change the sort of person who makes it to the corner office. It will alter the way that businesses are managed. And it will shift the position corporations occupy in society and possibly make us like some of them just a little bit more. E.

Why this is correct: The passage says we may like some corporations "just a little bit more", not a lot more. The statement exaggerates the idea, so it does not match the passage.

Common Mistake: Students miss the small phrase and focus only on 'like more'. This is an Extreme language trap because "a lot more" is much stronger than what the passage says.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'just a little bit more' = Statement: 'a lot more'

Tips: Pay close attention to quantity words like 'a little', 'some', or 'a lot'. They often decide TRUE or FALSE.

Key Vocabulary:

• possibly = maybe
• a little bit = not much

Question Focus: Synonym match - public visibility through video and performance

Correct Answer: TRUE

Passage Reference: Charisma will be back in: all successful business chiefs will have to be storytellers and performers. Just as political leaders have long had to be dynamite on TV to stand much hope of election or survival, so too will corporate leaders. They must be able to sell not only their vision of their companies but their vision of themselves.

Why this is correct: The passage explains that leaders must be "storytellers and performers" and be strong "on TV". This clearly means they must appear in public and be seen.

Common Mistake: Some students think 'public' means politics only. This is a Context shift trap because the passage applies the idea to business leaders too.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'dynamite on TV' = Statement: 'seen in public'

Tips: If the passage gives examples like TV or video, think about what that requires in real life.

Key Vocabulary:

• charisma = personal charm
• performer = someone who appears and speaks publicly

Question Focus: Direct statement with paraphrase

Correct Answer: TRUE

Passage Reference: They must be able to sell not only their vision of their companies but their vision of themselves.

Why this is correct: The passage directly says leaders must sell their vision of themselves. This shows that self-presentation will be more important for business leaders.

Common Mistake: Some students only look for the exact words 'sell themselves'. This is a Synonym match issue because the idea is expressed in different words.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'sell their vision of themselves' = Statement: 'ability to sell themselves'

Tips: Do not look for the same words. Look for the same idea explained differently.

Key Vocabulary:

• vision = idea for the future
• sell = persuade others

Question Focus: Missing specific detail - physical strength

Correct Answer: NOT GIVEN

Passage Reference: The new corporate leaders will no longer be pen pushers and bean counters. The 20-year reign of faceless bosses will come to an end. Charisma will be back in: all successful business chiefs will have to be storytellers and performers. Just as political leaders have long had to be dynamite on TV to stand much hope of election or survival, so too will corporate leaders. They must be able to sell not only their vision of their companies but their vision of themselves. The new big boss will be expected to set an example; any leaders showing signs of human frailty will be out on their ears. The moral majority will tighten its hold on corporate life, first in America, but then elsewhere too. F.

Why this is correct: The passage talks about charisma, performance, and emotion, but it says nothing about physical strength. The passage does not discuss whether bosses need to be physically stronger.

Common Mistake: Students connect 'performers' with physical strength. This is a Not Given trap because the passage never mentions the body or strength.

Paraphrasing: Passage: 'storytellers and performers' = Statement: 'physically stronger'

Tips: If the passage does not clearly mention the exact quality in the statement, choose NOT GIVEN.

Key Vocabulary:

• frailty = weakness
• charisma = personal appeal

General Tips:

• TFNG statements follow passage order, so use the location of the last answer to find the next one faster.
• To choose between FALSE and NOT GIVEN, ask: does the passage clearly say the opposite? If not, choose NOT GIVEN.
• Watch out for extreme words like 'a lot', 'always', or 'never'. They often make a statement FALSE.
• Do not add your own ideas. Only use what is written in the passage.