In 1977, scientists discovered hot springs at a depth of 2.5 km, on the Galapagos Rift (spreading ridge) off the coast of Ecuador. This exciting discovery was not a . Since the early 1970s, scientists had predicted that hot springs (geothermal vents) should be found at the active spreading centres along the mid-oceanic ridges, where magma, at temperatures over 1,000 °Presumably was being erupted to form new oceanic crust. More exciting, because it was totally , was the discovery of abundant and unusual sea life - giant tube worms, huge clams, and mussels - that around the hot springs.
Result:
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Correct answer: formation
Explanation: The word 'formation' fits grammatically as a noun that describes the process of creating or developing something, in this case, the coral reef. It aligns contextually with the sentence, which discusses the Great Barrier Reef as a significant coral structure.
Meaning: 'Formation' refers to the action of forming or the state of being formed, particularly in a geological or biological context.
Wrong options:
- storming: 'Storming' implies a violent weather event and does not relate to the creation of coral reefs, making it contextually irrelevant.
- linking: 'Linking' suggests a connection rather than a physical structure, which does not fit the context of describing the reef itself.
- bringing: 'Bringing' indicates an action of carrying or delivering, which does not appropriately describe the coral reef's nature.
Correct answer: frigid
Explanation: The term 'frigid' is an adjective that describes extremely cold temperatures, fitting grammatically and contextually as it characterizes the deep ocean floor environment where few life forms exist due to the cold conditions.
Meaning: 'Frigid' means very cold, often to the point of being inhospitable, which accurately describes the deep ocean environment.
Wrong options:
- regular: 'Regular' implies something that is normal or standard, which does not convey the extreme coldness of the environment.
- great: 'Great' suggests something large or significant, but does not relate to temperature or environmental conditions.
- stopping: 'Stopping' indicates a cessation of movement or action, which is not relevant to describing the coldness of the ocean floor.
Correct answer: surprise
Explanation: The word 'surprise' fits grammatically as a noun that indicates an unexpected event, aligning well with the context of the discovery of hot springs, which was anticipated by scientists.
Meaning: 'Surprise' refers to an unexpected event or occurrence, which accurately describes the nature of the discovery in this context.
Wrong options:
- fame: 'Fame' refers to being well-known or recognized, which does not apply to the context of a scientific discovery.
- report: 'Report' is a noun that refers to a document or statement, which does not fit the context of describing the nature of the discovery.
- declamation: 'Declamation' refers to a formal speech or recitation, which is unrelated to the context of a scientific finding.
Correct answer: unexpected
Explanation: The word 'unexpected' is an adjective that describes something not anticipated, fitting grammatically and contextually as it emphasizes the surprising nature of the discovery of unusual sea life.
Meaning: 'Unexpected' means not anticipated or foreseen, which highlights the surprising aspect of the discovery.
Wrong options:
- ravelled: 'Ravelled' means to become tangled or complicated, which does not fit the context of describing the nature of the discovery.
- stopped: 'Stopped' indicates a cessation of action, which does not relate to the surprising nature of the discovery.
- done: 'Done' implies completion, which does not convey the sense of surprise associated with the discovery.
Correct answer: thrived
Explanation: The word 'thrived' is a verb that indicates flourishing or prospering, fitting grammatically and contextually as it describes how the sea life exists around the hot springs.
Meaning: 'Thrived' means to grow or develop well, which accurately describes the abundant sea life found near the hot springs.
Wrong options:
- raged: 'Raged' implies a violent or intense action, which does not fit the context of describing how sea life exists.
- sided: 'Sided' suggests taking a position or being on one side, which is irrelevant to the context of sea life around hot springs.
- longed: 'Longed' indicates a strong desire for something, which does not apply to the existence of sea life in this context.
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