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Practice Reading: Fill in the Blanks (Dropdown) ID: #51162 Breast-feeding
Instructions ›
Below is a text with blanks. Click on each blank, a list of choices will appear. Select the appropriate choice for each blank.
While  many  mothers-to-be  are  advised  about  the    of  breastfeeding,  what  they  may  not  be  told  is  that  the  effects  go  well  beyond  physical  health.  A  new  study  finds  babies  breastfed  for  long  periods  have  better  performance  on  intelligence  tests,  greater  school  achievement,  and  higher  monthly  incomes  as  30-year-olds.  While  past  research  has  found  higher  intelligence    among  breastfed  babies,  what  is  so  significant  about  this  study  is  that  the  researchers  were  able  to  collect  more  complete  information  on  breastfeeding  duration  and  also  followed  for  a  longer  period.  And,  by  using  a  population-based  birth  ,  the  breast  feeding  practices  had  no  association    income  level.  Most  of  the  evidence  of  higher  intelligence  test  scores  among  breastfed  babies  comes  from  high-income  countries,  where  middle-class  and  higher-class  mothers  are  more  likely  to  breastfeed  their  babies  than  lower  income  mothers-  certainly  in  the  United  States,  breastfeeding  rates    this  trend.  With  evidence  coming  from  first-world  countries  'Where  breastfeeding  is  positively  associated  with  higher  socioeconomic  status'.  Horta  explained,  'There  is  always  a  question  of  whether  the  effect  that  has  been  observed  in  other  studies  is  a  consequence  of  breastfeeding  by  itself  or  has  the  result  been  confounded  by  socioeconomic  status.'  Specifically,  higher  income  babies  are  most  likely  eating  better  quality  food  and  this  could  be  impacting  IQ  test  scores.

Result:

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Correct answer: benefits

Explanation: The word 'benefits' fits grammatically as it is a plural noun that aligns with the context of discussing positive aspects of breastfeeding. It matches the overall sentiment of the sentence, which is about the advantages mothers-to-be are advised about.

Meaning: 'Benefits' refers to the positive effects or advantages that breastfeeding can provide to both mothers and babies.

Wrong options:

  • configurations: 'Configurations' refers to arrangements or setups, which does not relate to the positive aspects of breastfeeding.
  • flaws: 'Flaws' indicates weaknesses or defects, which is contrary to the intended positive context of the sentence.
  • patterns: 'Patterns' refers to regularities or trends, which does not convey the positive implications of breastfeeding as intended in this context.
Correct answer: scores

Explanation: The term 'scores' is a plural noun that appropriately fits the context of measuring intelligence, aligning with the grammatical structure of the sentence. It indicates quantifiable results from intelligence tests.

Meaning: 'Scores' refers to the numerical results obtained from tests, in this case, intelligence tests, indicating how well the babies performed.

Wrong options:

  • expectations: 'Expectations' refers to beliefs about what will happen, which does not fit the context of measurable outcomes from tests.
  • additions: 'Additions' implies something that is added, which does not relate to the context of intelligence measurement.
  • scales: 'Scales' refers to systems of measurement or grading, which does not directly convey the results of intelligence tests as 'scores' does.
Correct answer: cohort

Explanation: The word 'cohort' is a noun that fits grammatically and contextually, referring to a group of individuals studied over time. It aligns with the research context of the study.

Meaning: 'Cohort' refers to a group of people who share a common characteristic, in this case, those born in a specific time frame being studied for breastfeeding practices.

Wrong options:

  • fellow: 'Fellow' typically refers to a companion or colleague, which does not fit the context of a research group.
  • sibling: 'Sibling' refers to a brother or sister, which is unrelated to the context of a study group.
  • companion: 'Companion' indicates a partner or friend, which does not relate to the research context of a population group.
Correct answer: with

Explanation: The preposition 'with' correctly indicates the relationship between breastfeeding practices and income level, fitting grammatically and contextually within the sentence structure.

Meaning: 'With' indicates association or connection, suggesting that breastfeeding practices do not correlate with income level.

Wrong options:

  • on: 'On' typically indicates a surface or topic, which does not convey the intended relationship in this context.
  • at: 'At' indicates a specific point or location, which does not fit the relational context of the sentence.
  • within: 'Within' suggests being inside or contained by something, which does not accurately describe the relationship being discussed.
Correct answer: reflect

Explanation: The verb 'reflect' fits grammatically and contextually, indicating that breastfeeding rates show or demonstrate the trend of socioeconomic status. It aligns with the overall meaning of the sentence.

Meaning: 'Reflect' means to show or demonstrate something, in this case, how breastfeeding rates correspond to socioeconomic trends.

Wrong options:

  • multiply: 'Multiply' refers to increasing in number, which does not fit the context of describing a trend.
  • channel: 'Channel' implies directing or guiding, which does not relate to the context of showing a trend.
  • deceive: 'Deceive' means to mislead or trick, which is contrary to the intended meaning of accurately representing a trend.

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