Junk food - Marvel EDU

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Practice Listening: Highlight Correct Summary ID: #4253 Medium Junk food

Instructions ›

You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording.

Transcript:

We know junk food can change the way bodies are shaped. Now, a study finds that those irresistible sweet and salty concoctions may also change the way brains are wired - at least in rats. Researchers divided rats into two groups - one labeled Cafeteria, the other called Chow. Both groups got a typical rat food diet, but the Cafeteria rats also got a bonus: meat pies, cakes and cookies. Both rat groups gained weight. But the Cafeteria rats gained significantly more than the Chows did - nearly half a pound more, which is a big body burden for a rat. But more important, over two weeks’ time the Cafeteria rats seemed to care less and less about even seeking out a balanced diet. This new behavior endured even after the rats were returned to their more healthy fare. The study is in the journal Frontiers in Psychology. The researchers think junk-food diets cause lasting changes in the rewards circuits part of the brain - which plays a big role in decision-making. So if you’re a regular cookie eater and the next time you mindlessly reach for a cookie you wonder why you can’t help yourself - well, it could be because you’re not in charge, your rewired brain is.

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A study finds that junk food may also change the way groups of rats behaved. Researchers divided rats into two groups - Cafeteria and Chow. Both rat groups gained weight, but junk food eaters gained half a pound more weight than those who received typical rat food diet. Researchers led rats to gain nearly half a pound of weight, which is a big body burden for a rat. And in two weeks’ time the over-sized rats seemed to care less and less about even seeking out a balanced diet. This new behavior endured even after the rats were returned to more healthy food. Taking a balanced diet causes a new sort of behavior among rats, who did not wanted to eat anything healthy. The researchers now think those balanced diets caused lasting changes in the rewards circuits part of the brain, which has now made them better decision-makers. Junk food can not only affect physical appearance but also alter the way the brain works. Researchers experimented on rats and caused them to gain weight. Soon, the rats stopped caring about a balanced diet, as junk-food diets caused lasting changes in the part of the brain that governs decision-making.

Result:

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Option 3: "Taking a balanced diet causes a new sort of behavior among rats, who did not wanted to eat anything healthy. The researchers now think those balanced diets caused lasting changes in the rewards circuits part of the brain, which has now made them better decision-makers."

Explanation: This option correctly identifies the main idea of the text, which is that junk food leads to a change in behavior among rats, specifically their disregard for a balanced diet. It also accurately reflects the researchers' conclusion about lasting changes in the brain's reward circuits affecting decision-making. The phrasing 'did not wanted' should be corrected to 'did not want' for grammatical accuracy.

Option 1: "A study finds that junk food may also change the way groups of rats behaved. Researchers divided rats into two groups - Cafeteria and Chow. Both rat groups gained weight, but junk food eaters gained half a pound more weight than those who received typical rat food diet."

Explanation: This option incorrectly summarizes the text by stating that junk food changes the way groups of rats behaved, which is too vague. The text specifically discusses how junk food affects the Cafeteria rats' behavior regarding diet choices, not just their behavior in general. Additionally, it fails to mention the lasting changes in the brain's reward circuits, which is a crucial aspect of the study.

Option 2: "Researchers led rats to gain nearly half a pound of weight, which is a big body burden for a rat. And in two weeks’ time the over-sized rats seemed to care less and less about even seeking out a balanced diet. This new behavior endured even after the rats were returned to more healthy food."

Explanation: While this option captures some details about weight gain and changes in behavior, it misrepresents the researchers' role by saying they 'led' the rats to gain weight, which implies direct control rather than the rats' response to junk food. It also omits the critical information about how these changes relate to the brain's reward circuits, which is essential to understanding the study's implications.

Option 4: "Junk food can not only affect physical appearance but also alter the way the brain works. Researchers experimented on rats and caused them to gain weight. Soon, the rats stopped caring about a balanced diet, as junk-food diets caused lasting changes in the part of the brain that governs decision-making."

Explanation: This option is incorrect because it suggests that junk food affects physical appearance, which is not the focus of the text. While it mentions the alteration of brain function and weight gain, it does not clearly connect these changes to the specific behavior of the rats regarding their diet. Furthermore, it lacks the nuance of how the changes in the brain's reward circuits specifically relate to decision-making, which is a key point in the original text.

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