First sentence: Why this is the first line? This paragraph is the first sentence because it introduces the main topic of the research. It gives a broad overview of the subject without going into details. It does not use any pronouns or definite articles that refer to previous information. Why other lines are not chosen? Paragraph 2 starts with "These nanostructures" which uses a pronoun that refers back to the previous sentence. Paragraph 3 starts with "By manufacturing" which is not a general statement. Paragraph 4 starts with "They found" which uses a pronoun and assumes prior knowledge.

Concluding sentence: Why this is the last line? This paragraph is the last sentence because it summarizes the findings of the research. It brings together the earlier points about the blue halo and its effect on bees.

Paragraph pairs:

• Pair 1 (Paragraph 1 → Paragraph 2): Paragraph 2 connects with Paragraph 1 because it explains what the nanoscale ridges do. This is a logical order where the first paragraph introduces the topic and the second paragraph gives more specific information about it.
• Pair 2 (Paragraph 2 → Paragraph 3): Paragraph 3 connects with Paragraph 2 because it shows how scientists used the information from the second paragraph. This is a cause and effect relationship where the understanding of the blue halo leads to testing on pollinators.
• Pair 3 (Paragraph 3 → Paragraph 4): Paragraph 4 connects with Paragraph 3 because it explains the results of the testing mentioned in the third paragraph. This shows a logical order from the action of testing to the findings.