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Option 3: "Fear that the public would react badly to news of alien life is unfounded."
Explanation: The speaker argues that the assumption of a negative public reaction to the discovery of alien life is misplaced. The research conducted by Michael Varnum indicates that society generally considers such news to be positive and reward-oriented, supporting the idea that fears of panic are unfounded.
Option 1: "That any life discovered would almost certainly be microbial."
Explanation: The text mentions the discredited announcement of fossilized microbes on Mars but does not state that any life discovered would almost certainly be microbial. This option misrepresents the speaker's focus on public reaction rather than the type of life discovered.
Option 2: "When bacterial life was found on Mars there was a mixed reaction to it."
Explanation: The text refers to a specific case where the announcement of microbial life was discredited, but it does not indicate that there was a mixed reaction. Instead, it suggests that society viewed news about alien life positively, contradicting the idea of a mixed reaction.
Option 4: "The public would want some sort of reward for finding extra-terrestrial life."
Explanation: While the text mentions that society viewed news about alien life as positive and reward-oriented, it does not imply that the public would want a reward. This option misinterprets the context, as it suggests a desire for reward rather than a general positive outlook.
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