Landfill is cheap but wasteful and, as we have seen, unsustainable in the long run, whereas burning or incineration is expensive and wasteful. Besides, local communities don't want huge incineration plants in their back yards.
Recycling is considered by many to be the best solution, but it isn't nearly as good as most people think. The recycling process degrades most materials, so that they can only be used in limited ways. Also, many of the products we buy that are as recyclable can only be recycled with great difficulty and at great . Perhaps the best idea is to have reusable packaging, such as returnable bottles and refillable packets.
Result:
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Correct answer: estimated
Explanation: The word 'estimated' fits grammatically as it is in the past participle form, which is appropriate after 'it is' in this context. It also aligns contextually, as the sentence discusses an approximation of rubbish produced by households.
Meaning: 'Estimated' means to roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.
Wrong options:
- researched: 'Researched' implies a detailed study or investigation, which does not fit the context of making a rough calculation about rubbish production.
- surveyed: 'Surveyed' suggests a systematic collection of data, which is not the intended meaning here as we are discussing an approximation rather than a detailed analysis.
- assumed: 'Assumed' indicates a belief without proof, which does not convey the same level of calculation or estimation as 'estimated' does.
Correct answer: left
Explanation: The word 'left' fits grammatically as it indicates the remaining places available for landfill, aligning with the context of scarcity in suitable locations for waste disposal.
Meaning: 'Left' refers to what remains after other parts have been removed or dealt with, in this case, the places still available for landfill.
Wrong options:
- still: 'Still' implies continuity or persistence, which does not convey the idea of remaining locations for landfills.
- over: 'Over' suggests a position above something, which does not fit the context of discussing available land for waste disposal.
- around: 'Around' indicates proximity or surrounding areas, which does not accurately describe the concept of available landfill sites.
Correct answer: stricter
Explanation: The word 'stricter' is the comparative form of 'strict,' which is appropriate here as it compares the current laws to previous ones, indicating an increase in the level of enforcement.
Meaning: 'Stricter' means more severe or demanding in terms of rules or regulations.
Wrong options:
- harder: 'Harder' refers to difficulty rather than severity of laws, making it an inappropriate choice in this context.
- austere: 'Austere' describes something severe or strict in manner, but it does not specifically relate to laws or regulations, making it less fitting here.
- extreme: 'Extreme' suggests a high degree but does not convey the comparative nature of the laws being more stringent than before.
Correct answer: labelled
Explanation: The word 'labelled' fits grammatically as it is in the past participle form, indicating that the products have been marked as recyclable, which aligns with the context of discussing recycling.
Meaning: 'Labelled' means marked with a label or tag that indicates a certain characteristic, in this case, recyclability.
Wrong options:
- marked: 'Marked' can imply a general indication but lacks the specificity of 'labelled' in terms of formal identification as recyclable.
- produced: 'Produced' refers to the act of making something, which does not relate to the identification of recyclability.
- branded: 'Branded' suggests a commercial identity rather than indicating recyclability, making it contextually inappropriate.
Correct answer: cost
Explanation: The word 'cost' fits grammatically as it refers to the financial expense associated with recycling, which is relevant in the context of discussing the challenges of recycling.
Meaning: 'Cost' refers to the amount of money required to obtain something, in this case, the expense involved in recycling products.
Wrong options:
- effort: 'Effort' refers to the physical or mental energy put into a task, which does not fit the financial context of the sentence.
- price: 'Price' is similar to 'cost' but is often used in a more specific transactional context, making it less suitable here.
- hardship: 'Hardship' refers to severe suffering or privation, which does not accurately describe the financial aspect of recycling.
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